Reconnaissance Report

Monday, 29 September 1941 rec2409oKzwZfEpby

Observations

ROYAL AIR FORCE. RECONNAISSANCE REPORT. R.A.F. Form No. 401.
Date 29.9.41 Ref. No. 45 Sheet No. [blank]
Unit: 21 Squadron S. A. A. F.
Aircraft Type: Maryland No. L.1668
Orders or nature of duty:— Photographic Reconnaissance of Bardia Harbour
Map or Chart Reference:— Target Map of Bardia Harbour
Pilot: Capt. Thackwray
Observer: 2/Lt. Kiley
Crew: Sgts. Earnshaw and G. E. Jones
Time up 0750
Time down 1200
Total time 4 Hours 10 min
Visibility [blank] Weather Fair
Cloud 4/10ths Cloud
| Place | Serial No. | Time (Hrs.) | Height (Feet) | Report | Track (True) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BASE | | 0750 | Climbing | A/B S/C Fuka Point | 304 |
| | 0805 | 10000 | Returning to base for Air Gunners parachute. | 124 | |
| | 0824 | Descending | Landed | | |
| | 0830 | climbing | A/B a/c Fuka Point | | |
| | 0842 | 6000' | Position Fuka Point S/C position B 125 miles bearing 295 degrees | 295 | |
| | 0854 | 15000 | Mersa Matruh 20 miles on port beam - visibility decreasing to 5 - 10 miles average owing to haze and clouds 3/10ths | 295 | |
| | 0925 | 21000 | Turning on to Bardia Harbour - over cloud 10/10ths | 284 | |
| | 0940 | 20000 | Through Gap in clouds saw Bardia. N/C to 250 degrees for Photography. | | |
| | 0944 | 19500 | Over Bardia Harbour taking photographs. Ship at position H 25 | 250 | |
| | 0948 | descending | through clouds - passed over Fort Capuzzo - no activity seen | 200 | |
| | 0951 | do | A/C for base | | |
| | 1032 | do | Received W/T message to land at H.Q. Ma'aten Baguish N/C to 304 degrees | | |
| Ma'aten Baguish | | 1042 | do | Landed Maaten Baguish | |
| | 1143 | Climbing | A/B S/C for base | 110 | |
| | 1201 | do | Landed at base. | | |
Signed A. E. Kiley 2/Lt.
63
TWENTY-ONE GOLDEN RULES FOR 21 SQUADRON : SERGEANT’S MESS
24th September 1941.
* You are a member of this Mess. Therefore, abuse every privilege you
receive - it helps to make you extremely popular among your fellow
members and helps the Mess itself no end.
* Your committee are a lot of twerps. They couldn’nt have been elected
for any purpose anyway, so don’t trouble to approach them with any
suggestions. Besides, they’re able to guess what you want done.
* Make a point of never attending Mess Meetings, or if you do, be sure
to start loud and prolonged conversations with your nearest
neighbours. This assists in the betterment of conditions in the
Mess and helps everyone generally. If you are unable to talk to
someone near you, and it happens to be near Mess time, get stuck
into the grub first, as this is far more important than anything else.
* Always complain as bitterly as you can about everything; but, of
course, never to the committee. (See Para. 2)
* Never consider anybody else in the Mess. Grab four or five helpings
of everything within sight at grub-time and fill things such as
water-bottles at least four or five times with tea. This ensures
that the chap who comes a bit late won’t get any, and makes for
general contentment all round.
* Always eat off the tablecloth. Apart from being a sign of excellent
manners, it mean that you can eat off a dirty cloth (or at least
other members of the Mess will do so) at the next meal. This is
usually appreciated by all and sundry.
* Never carry your liquor well. The more things you can break and
destroy and the more people you want to fight with and succeed in
insulting when you are intoxicated, the more popular you are going
to be.
* Don’t ever try and cultivate friendships among your fellows. Always
quarrel and argue about a point, particularly when you know the
other chap is right. Make yourself as disagreeable as possible to
everyone who comes near you, and particularly, don’t forget to sulk
when you happen to be overlooked. This will all help to maintain
the correct cheery atmosphere.
* As soon as you can, forget that we are going into battle in a common
cause and that the only man that really matters is YOU. So always
talk about yourself, what you are going to do and run down everybody
else. You’ll be surprised what a popular person you will become.
* Don’t by any means consider the so-called “pen-pushers”, who work
a darn sight longer hours than many of you. Always worry them at
mealtimes, particularly in regard to matters concerning their daily
work, and the fiercer the argument you can start with them as soon as
they enter the Mess, the better. They appreciate being stopped and
interfered with in their leisure moments.
* The Bar Attendant does’nt like being spoken to in reasonably loud
tones. Always shout at him and if it can be arranged for ten or more
of you to shout together, he’ll get his job of work done a lot
quicker and more efficiently.
* As soon as you have finished reading your copy (or rather the Mess’
copy) of the newspaper, throw it on the ground and walk on it. No
one else wants to read it anyway.
* Pick the Cook out on every available opportunity and always argue
with him in regard to anything he may happen to mention - such as
drawing your attention to the fact you have left the tap on the tea
urn running, or that cooking water is not meant for washing your
feet.
Sergeant's Mess - Golden Rules (Contd)
2.
* Always borrow as much money as you can from your comrades and swear
at them when they won't lend you any - or better still, talk about
them in undertones as soon as they move away. Of course, it is essen-
tial that you never return any money you borrow.
* Whenever there are visitors or guests present from other units, do
your best to show them what a rotten Mess this really is. If you
can insult them, or their Units, you are doing a real job of work.
* Another point in regard to visitors. Never try and make them feel
perfectly at home. Otherwise they might do the same for you when
returning the compliment.
* Always show your good breeding. To do this, push yourself in at the
nearest table, grab all the food within sight and never by any means
excuse yourself when you leave.
* It is good etiquette to shout across the Mess when you want to
speak to someone at the other end. For goodness sake, don't think
of coming over to him and talking to him so that you won't disturb
others.
* Take all equipment, particularly that essential for the running of
the Mess, for your own personal use. Everyone appreciates efforts
like this.
* Always inspect what stocks are held in the canteen and then ask for
something that isn't there. Oh yes, and don't forget to run the
canteen, the Committee and everyone responsible down, because the
article you happen to want is not there.
* The rules drafted here are for your benefit, so don't take note of
anything they may point out in regard to your own shortcomings. You
are a Senior N.C.O. and the sooner you forgot this and behave like
a two-year-old and do nothing towards helping yourself or your
fellow men, the better it will be for you.
N.B. Any reference in the foregoing to any persons, alive or dead,
* from the neck upwards - in this Mess is pure coincidence.)

Transcriber's Notes

Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.: No. 21 Squadron, South African Air Force. During this period of the Western Desert Campaign, the unit operated as a light/medium bomber squadron within the Desert Air Force (DAF), primarily tasked with tactical interdiction of Axis supply lines.
* A/B S/C: Airborne, Set Course.
* BA-BH (MARTIN BALTIMORE): The R.A.F./SAAF operational code for the Martin Baltimore medium bomber. While the squadron famously utilized the Baltimore (BA-BH) in 1942, during September 1941, the unit was equipped with the Martin Maryland (e.g., Serial No. 1668 "L"), the technical precursor to the Baltimore in SAAF service.
* FUKA POINT: A significant coastal navigational waypoint and landing ground located in Egypt, often used as a rendezvous or departure fix for Allied sorties into Libya.
* MC/GP (MEDIUM CAPACITY / GENERAL PURPOSE): The standard Allied ordnance designations for demolition and blast bombs. Although this sortie was a non-bombing photographic reconnaissance (Recce) mission, the aircraft would have maintained a defensive armament configuration.
* MET: Meteorological data. Weather (MET) for this mission was recorded as "Fair" but complicated by heavy haze and cloud cover varying from 3/10ths to 10/10ths.
* N/C: New Course.
* W/T: Wireless Telegraphy (Morse code radio communications).
Operational Context
Reconnaissance Report No. 45, dated 29th September 1941, documents a high-altitude photographic intelligence mission targeting Bardia Harbour. The strategic importance of Bardia centered on its role as a primary fortified port for Axis fuel and munitions destined for the frontier. This sortie was essential for Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) following the large-scale squadron strikes on 27 and 28 September, where 18,000 lbs of ordnance were delivered against a specific merchant vessel.
The mission profile required Maryland 1668 to operate at an extreme altitude of 21,000 feet. This height was utilized to minimize the risk of interception by Luftwaffe fighters and to maximize the vertical coverage of the aerial cameras. The observer, 2/Lt. Kiley, successfully located the target ship through a gap in 10/10ths cloud cover at 09:40 hours, confirming its position at coordinate H 25. This information was relayed via W/T to ensure headquarters received immediate confirmation of the vessel's status as Allied interdiction efforts continued ahead of Operation Crusader.
Execution Constraints
The operation encountered immediate technical and environmental constraints. At 08:05 hours, only 15 minutes after takeoff, the aircraft was forced to return to base to secure a parachute for the air gunner, delaying the primary mission by 25 minutes. Furthermore, atmospheric conditions were suboptimal; haze reduced visibility to 5–10 miles, and the target area was initially obscured by total cloud cover (10/10ths) until a localized gap allowed for photographic exposure at 19,500–20,000 feet.
The crew faced additional tactical redirection when a W/T message was received at 10:32 hours, instructing them to divert their landing to H.Q. Ma'aten Baguish rather than their original base. This redirection was likely intended to expedite the delivery of the reconnaissance film to intelligence officers at Group Headquarters. Despite the technical delay and heavy cloud, the crew—piloted by Capt. Thackwray—successfully navigated the 4-hour and 10-minute sortie, securing the photographic proof necessary to assess the effectiveness of the Bardia interdiction campaign.

65
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: 24th September 1941.
Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.: No. 21 Squadron, South African Air Force. At the date of this document (September 1941), the squadron was based at Landing Ground 21 (LG 21) in Egypt and was equipped with Martin Maryland aircraft.
* BA-BH (MARTIN BALTIMORE): The R.A.F./SAAF operational designator for the Martin Baltimore medium bomber. While the squadron would eventually be identified with the Baltimore (BA-BH) in 1942, in September 1941 they operated the Martin Maryland, the Baltimore's technical and tactical precursor.
* MC/GP (MEDIUM CAPACITY / GENERAL PURPOSE): Allied ordnance designations for demolition and blast bombs. During the period surrounding the creation of this Mess document, the squadron was engaged in dropping 250 lb GP munitions on maritime and logistical targets in Libya.
* MET: Meteorological data or section. Operational MET conditions for the strikes on Bardia Harbour (September 27-29, 1941) varied from "Fine" to "Hazy" with significant cloud cover.
* SERGEANT’S MESS: The designated social and dining facility for Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) within the squadron.
Operational Context
Target File 272_65 represents a distinct departure from standard operational reporting, providing a satirical "Golden Rules" document for the Sergeant's Mess dated 24th September 1941. Strategically, this document was generated during the intensive buildup to Operation Crusader, as 21 Squadron engaged in sustained interdiction of Axis maritime logistics at Bardia Harbour.
The satirical tone—instructing members to "complain as bitterly as you can" and "grab four or five helpings"—reflects the internal pressures and necessary psychological outlets for personnel stationed in the Western Desert. The reference in Rule 9 to "going into battle in a common cause" underscores the imminent transition from harassment raids to the high-attrition winter offensive intended to relieve Tobruk and pressure the German-Italian Panzergruppe Afrika.
Execution Constraints
The text of the "Golden Rules" is heavily steeped in British/Commonwealth military irony. It highlights chronic issues of desert life, such as the scarcity of resources (Rule 5 mentions hoarding tea/water) and the friction between aircrew and "pen-pushers" or administrative staff (Rule 10).
A significant marginal note exists on the left side of the page: "DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE.". This instruction effectively delineates the usable archival space and ensures that the document remained legible for its intended satirical purpose in the Mess. The mention of "washing your feet" in cooking water in Rule 13 illustrates the extreme water conservation measures and sanitary challenges faced by the unit while based at Landing Ground 21. This archival entry preserves a rare social history artifact amidst the technical and tactical records of the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF).

66
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: There is no specific 'Date' column on this page of the document. However, this page is the continuation of the "Twenty-One Golden Rules" for the Sergeant’s Mess, which is dated 24th September 1941 on the preceding page.
Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.: No. 21 Squadron, South African Air Force. During late September 1941, the unit was based at Landing Ground 21 (LG 21) in Egypt, equipped with Martin Maryland medium bombers.
* BA-BH (MARTIN BALTIMORE): The R.A.F./SAAF operational code for the Martin Baltimore medium bomber. Although the squadron later became famous for operating the Baltimore (BA-BH) in 1942, in September 1941, the unit was utilizing the Martin Maryland, which was the technical and tactical predecessor to the Baltimore in the Western Desert.
* MC/GP (MEDIUM CAPACITY / GENERAL PURPOSE): The standard Allied ordnance designations for demolition and blast bombs. During the period this mess document was circulated, the squadron was engaged in dropping 250 lb GP munitions against Axis shipping and harbor installations in Libya.
* MET: Meteorological data or section. Operational weather (MET) for the unit's sorties during this period ranged from "Fine" to "Hazy" with significant dust and cloud cover often complicating high-altitude bombing.
* N.C.O.: Non-Commissioned Officer (e.g., Sergeant, Flight Sergeant).
* SERGEANT’S MESS: The designated social, dining, and recreational facility for NCOs within the squadron.
Operational Context
Target File 272_66 is the concluding page of a satirical social document created within 21 Squadron S.A.A.F. during the intensive buildup to Operation Crusader in September 1941. While operational reports from this time record high-attrition strikes against Bardia Harbour, this document provides a unique view into the internal morale and social dynamics of the unit's Non-Commissioned Officers. Strategically, maintaining unit cohesion was vital as the squadron conducted unescorted or lightly escorted missions against heavily defended Axis logistical hubs.
The satirical "Golden Rules" served as a morale-boosting psychological outlet, using irony to highlight the common frustrations of life at an austere Egyptian landing ground, such as resource scarcity (implied by Rule 19 regarding equipment) and the friction of communal living in a high-stress combat environment.
Execution Constraints
The text reflects the specific "South African" and British Commonwealth military humor of the period. It addresses the typical "gripe" culture of the NCO corps, specifically targeting the tendency to complain about canteen stocks (Rule 20) and the occasional lapse in professionalism among senior ranks when off-duty (Rule 21).
The document contains a specific handwritten archival marker—the numeral "65" in the upper right corner—denoting its sequence in the squadron's historical records. The humorous postscript (N.B.) at the bottom of the page, referring to persons "alive or dead - from the neck upwards," underscores the intent of the document to manage internal squadron tensions through self-deprecating wit during a period of significant combat losses and operational pressure.

67
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: 2. 10. 41.