The second Box bombed with a left APPENDIX "G"
203
FROM : S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.
TO : W.I.O. 3 WING S.A.A.F.
H.Q. M.A.A.F. ( ATTENTION OPERATIONS RECORDS)
H.Q. M.A.T.A.F. ( SCORU)
REF. : 21S/991.
DATE : 5th APRIL, 1945.
OPREP NO. 991 FOR THE PERIOD 1200 HRS to 2100 HRS, 5th APRIL, 1945.
REF. MAP ITALY 1:100,000 SHEET 40A - GORIZIA.
<u>OPERATION NO. 187/21S/M.</u>
A : 12 Marauders in two Boxes airborne from Jesi L/G between
1425 and 1712 hrs. to bomb Monsanta M/Yards at GORIZIA.
After R/V with 12 Spitfires at Porto Corsini at 1525
formation set course for target followed by 8 Marauders
of 12 Squadron. The target was bombed from 11500' to 12500'
at 1558 hrs. The first box scored heavily with an excellent
pattern running right up the yards, over 90% of the bombs
falling on the target. The second Box bombed with a left
lateral error, all bombs missing the target. The weather
was clear over the target and visibility was good. There
was no enemy opposition. Pamphlets were dropped
over enemy territory. One A/C returned early on account
of engine trouble.
B : (1) 8 Marauders III (ii) Nil
C : (1) & (ii) Nil
D : (1) 20.55 Hrs. (ii) Nil
E : (1) 27,200 x .50 (ii) 1 (iii) Nil
F : (1) 42 x 500) M.C. (ii) 42 x 500 : 27 Pkts Pamphlets.
32 x 250) Demo Fused 28 x 250 :
(iii) & (iv) Nil
G to V : Nil
W : (1) 3 Marauders III (ii) Nil
X : (1) 4.00 Hrs (ii) Nil
Y to Z : Nil
S.T. Wrigill [handwritten signature]
___-------------------- LT. / Capt.
S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.
9550
SA 21 | 505 5 APR 45 F20 || HH C 5208 12000 1557 B I O P
APPENDIX "G"
203
FROM : S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.
TO : W.I.O. 3 WING S.A.A.F.
H.Q. M.A.A.F. ( ATTENTION OPERATIONS RECORDS)
H.Q. M.A.T.A.F. ( SCORU)
REF. : 21S/991.
DATE : 5th APRIL, 1945.
OPREP NO. 991 FOR THE PERIOD 1200 HRS to 2100 HRS, 5th APRIL, 1945.
REF. MAP ITALY 1:100,000 SHEET 40A - GORIZIA.
<u>OPERATION NO. 187/21S/M.</u>
A : 12 Marauders in two Boxes airborne from Jesi L…
__o_O_o__
Form 541 Transcriber's Notes Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.: No. 21 Squadron, South African Air Force, a medium bomber unit operating within the Desert Air Force (DAF).
* 3 WING S.A.A.F.: No. 3 Wing SAAF, the administrative and tactical higher command overseeing 21 Squadron's Martin Marauder operations.
* AIR 27/271/4: United Kingdom National Archives classification for the Air Ministry Operations Record Books (ORBs); Volume 4 contains the 1945 War Diaries for 21 Squadron.
* BA-BH (Martin Baltimore): The twin-engine medium bomber utilized as the predecessor aircraft to the unit's current equipment. By April 1945, the unit was fully converted to the Martin B-26 Marauder III.
* JESI L/G: Jesi Landing Ground, the primary operational base for 21 Squadron during the spring 1945 offensive.
* MC / GP (Medium Capacity / General Purpose): Allied aerial ordnance classifications. This mission utilized 500 lb Medium Capacity and 250 lb General Purpose Demolition bombs.
* MET (Meteorological Report): Meteorological intelligence. This mission benefited from clear target weather and good visibility.
* OPREP NO. 991: Operational Report documenting activity for the afternoon period of 5th April 1945.
* SCORU: South African Operations Records Unit.
* S.I.O.: Squadron Intelligence Officer, Lt./Capt. S.T. Wrigill.
Operational Context
Target File 271-4_23 documents Operation No. 187/21S/M, a kinetic strike executed on the afternoon of 5th April 1945 against the Monsanta Marshalling Yards in Gorizia. This mission was a key component of the Allied strategic interdiction campaign aimed at severing the logistical links between the Italian front and the Reich.
The location of Gorizia, situated at the foothills of the Alps near the Yugoslav border, served as a vital bottleneck for the German 10th Army (10. Armee) and 14th Army (14. Armee) retreating toward the Austrian frontier. By targeting the Monsanta yards, the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF) sought to exacerbate the logistical paralysis of Heeresgruppe C immediately before the launch of the final spring offensive, Operation Grapeshot.
The formation of 12 Marauder III aircraft from 21 Squadron, followed by 8 aircraft from 12 Squadron S.A.A.F., operated under a close escort of 12 Spitfires from Porto Corsini. While the first box achieved an "excellent pattern" with over 90% of ordnance impacting the yards, the second box suffered a lateral error that resulted in a total miss. Despite this partial success, the mission contributed to the terminal collapse of Axis transport capacity. Concurrent psychological operations (the dropping of 27 packets of pamphlets) were maintained to undermine enemy morale as Allied ground forces prepared for the decisive breakthrough of the Argenta Gap.
24
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: 5 APR 45.
Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 S.A.A.F. / SA 21: No. 21 Squadron, South African Air Force, a medium bomber unit operating under No. 3 Wing SAAF.
* AIR 27 / 271: United Kingdom National Archives classification for the Air Ministry: Operations Record Books (ORBs); Volume 4 (AIR 27/271/4) catalogs 1945 War Diaries for 21 Squadron.
* B I O P: Box I, Observer Pilot. Indicates the vertical strike photograph was captured from the observer's camera position in the lead aircraft of the first four-plane formation (Box I) during the bombing run.
* BA-BH (Martin Baltimore): The twin-engine medium bomber utilized as the predecessor aircraft to the unit's current equipment. By April 1945, the unit was fully converted to the Martin B-26 Marauder III.
* F20: Focal length of the camera lens (20 inches) used for high-altitude vertical strike photography.
* HH C 5208: Map reference C. 5208 (specifically identifying the coordinates for the Monsanta Marshalling Yards in Gorizia) on the Gorizia 1:100,000 Sheet 40A.
* MC/GP (Medium Capacity / General Purpose): Standard Allied high-explosive ordnance. For this mission, the squadron utilized 500 lb M.C. and 250 lb GP Demo fuzed bombs.
* MET (Meteorological Report): Meteorological intelligence. Conditions for this afternoon sortie were reported as "clear" with "good" visibility, which allowed for the visual precision evidenced in this photograph.
* 12000 1557: Operational data indicating a bombing altitude of 12,000 feet and a strike time of 15:57 hours (recorded as 1558 hrs in narrative reports).
Operational Context
Target File 271-4_24 is an aerial strike photograph documenting Operation No. 187/21S/M on 5th April 1945. The image displays the kinetic impact of Box I as 12 Martin Marauder III aircraft targeted the Monsanta Marshalling Yards at Gorizia.
The strategic importance of Gorizia during this period centered on its role as a vital rail bottleneck for Axis forces retreating toward the Austrian frontier. By striking the Monsanta yards, the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF) aimed to achieve the total logistical paralysis of the German 10th Army (10. Armee) immediately prior to the launch of Operation Grapeshot, the final Allied spring offensive in Italy.
The photograph confirms the high accuracy reported in narrative OPREPs, where the first box scored "heavily" with an "excellent pattern". The image shows dense smoke plumes from bomb bursts running "right up the yards," indicating that over 90% of the ordnance successfully impacted the primary rail infrastructure. This precision strike, conducted without enemy fighter or flak opposition, directly contributed to the terminal collapse of Heeresgruppe C transport capacity, preventing the organized relocation of heavy material as the Eighth Army prepared to break through the Argenta Gap.
25
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: 7th APRIL, 1945