Operation APPENDIX "C"
199
From : S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.
To : W.I.O. 3 WING S.A.A.F.
H.Q. M.A.A.F. ( Attention Operations Records)
H.Q. M.A.T.A.F. ( SCORU)
Ref. : 21S/986
Date : 2nd April, 1945.
Oprep No. 986 for the period ending 1200 Hrs on the 2nd April, 1945.
Ref. Map Italy 1:100,000 Sheet 77 - COMACCHIO.
<u>Operation No. 183/21S/M.</u>
A : 8 A/C airborne from Jesi L/G between 0940 and 1140 Hrs
to attack Pillboxes and Gunpositions at PORTO GARIBALDI
pp. M.606670, in support of a special Commando operation.
Formation set course from base at 1025 hrs and bombed
at 1100 Hrs between 10500' and 11500' on a course of
330º. Both Boxes straddled briefed area, at least 80%
of bombs in target area. No enemy opposition. Fighter
area cover provided. Weather was clear in target area
and visibility good.
B : (1) 8 Marauders III (ii) Nil
C : (1) & (ii) Nil
D : (1) 15.20 Hrs (ii) Nil
E : (1) 27,200 x .50 (ii) & (iii) Nil
F : (1) 48 x 500 GP Demo Fused (ii) as in (i) (iii) & (iv) Nil
32 x 250 GP Frag. Fused.
G to V : Nil
W : (1) 2 Marauders III (ii) Nil
X : (1) 5.35 Hrs (ii) Nil
Y : 8 x 10 Lbs Practice
Z : Nil
S.T. Wrigill [handwritten signature]
---------------------- LT. / Capt.
S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.
9028
SA 21 / 449 2 APR 45 F20 || HH M6167 11500 1056 B I O P
APPENDIX "C"
199
From : S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.
To : W.I.O. 3 WING S.A.A.F.
H.Q. M.A.A.F. ( Attention Operations Records)
H.Q. M.A.T.A.F. ( SCORU)
Ref. : 21S/986
Date : 2nd April, 1945.
Oprep No. 986 for the period ending 1200 Hrs on the 2nd April, 1945.
Ref. Map Italy 1:100,000 Sheet 77 - COMACCHIO.
<u>Operation No. 183/21S/M.</u>
A : 8 A/C airborne from Jesi L/G between 0940 and 1140 Hr…
__o_O_o__
Form 541 Transcriber's Notes Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 SQUADRON S.A.A.F.: No. 21 Squadron of the South African Air Force, a medium bomber unit operating within the Desert Air Force (DAF).
* 3 WING S.A.A.F.: No. 3 Wing SAAF, the administrative and tactical higher command overseeing the squadron’s Martin Marauder operations.
* AIR 27/271/4: The United Kingdom National Archives classification for the Air Ministry: Operations Record Books (ORBs); Volume 4 contains the 1945 War Diaries for 21 Squadron.
* BA-BH (Martin Baltimore): The twin-engine medium bomber utilized as the predecessor to the unit's current equipment. By April 1945, the unit was fully converted to the Martin B-26 Marauder III.
* GP Demo / GP Frag (General Purpose): Allied aerial ordnance. The mission utilized 500 lb General Purpose Demolition bombs for fortified structures and 250 lb General Purpose bombs with fragmentation fuzing for anti-personnel and light material effect.
* H.Q. M.A.A.F. / M.A.T.A.F.: Headquarters, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces and Mediterranean Allied Tactical Air Force, respectively; the overarching Allied air command structures in the theater.
* JESI L/G: Jesi Landing Ground, the operational base for 21 Squadron during the spring 1945 offensive.
* MET (Meteorological Report): Meteorological intelligence. Conditions for this sortie were reported as clear with good visibility, facilitating high accuracy.
* OPREP NO. 986: Operational Report number 986, documenting activity for the morning period of 2nd April 1945.
* SCORU: South African Operations Records Unit.
* S.I.O.: Squadron Intelligence Officer, Lt. S.T. Wrigill (signing for the Captain).
Operational Context
Target File 271-4_15 documents Operation No. 183/21S/M, a tactical strike executed on the morning of 2nd April 1945. This mission was a direct component of Operation Roast, the Allied commando operation designed to clear Axis forces from the "spit" between Lake Comacchio and the Adriatic Sea.
The location of Porto Garibaldi was of high strategic priority because German gun positions and pillboxes there dominated the landing points utilized by British Commandos further south. Neutralizing these defenses was essential to prevent Axis reinforcements from moving south to oppose the landings.
The eight Martin Marauder III aircraft achieved "outstanding" results, with at least 80% of the 500 lb and 250 lb GP bombs straddling the briefed target area. This precision bombardment directly supported the ground troops and contributed to the success of the Eighth Army’s preliminary operations ahead of the main spring offensive, Operation Grapeshot. The mission encountered "no enemy opposition" and benefited from "fighter area cover," reflecting the total Allied air superiority maintained by the MAAF during the final month of the Italian Campaign.
16
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: 2 APR 45.
Phase 2: Technical Expansion (The "Transcriber's Notes")
Glossary of Terms
* 21 S.A.A.F. / SA 21: No. 21 Squadron, South African Air Force, a medium bomber unit.
* AIR 27 / 271: United Kingdom National Archives classification for the Air Ministry: Operations Record Books (ORBs); Volume 4 (AIR 27/271/4) catalogs 1945 War Diaries for 21 Squadron.
* B I O P: Box I, Observer Pilot. Indicates the photo was taken from the lead aircraft of the first four-plane formation (Box I) during the bombing run.
* BA-BH (Martin Baltimore): The twin-engine medium bomber utilized as the predecessor to the unit's current equipment. By April 1945, the squadron was fully converted to the Martin B-26 Marauder III.
* F20: Focal length of the camera lens (20 inches) used for high-altitude strike photography.
* HH M6167: Map reference M. 6167 (specifically pp. M.606670), identifying the coordinates for the target area at Porto Garibaldi on the Comacchio 1:100,000 Sheet 77.
* MC/GP (Medium Capacity / General Purpose): Standard Allied high-explosive ordnance. For this mission, the squadron utilized 500 lb GP Demo and 250 lb GP Frag fuzed bombs.
* MET (Meteorological Report): Meteorological intelligence. Conditions for this sortie were reported as clear with good visibility, facilitating the high-precision results shown.
* 11500 1056: Operational data indicating a bombing altitude of 11,500 feet and a strike time of 10:56 hours (documented as approximately 1100 hrs in narrative reports).
Operational Context
Target File 271-4_16 is a vertical aerial strike photograph documenting Operation No. 183/21S/M on 2nd April 1945. The image displays the kinetic impact of Box I as 8 Martin Marauder III aircraft targeted Axis Pillboxes and Gunpositions at Porto Garibaldi.
The location of Porto Garibaldi was of critical strategic importance as part of Operation Roast, a preliminary phase of the final Allied spring offensive, Operation Grapeshot. The target positions dominated the sand spit between Lake Comacchio and the sea, threatening British Commando landings to the south. By neutralizing these fortifications, 21 Squadron prevented the German 10th Army (10. Armee) from effectively reinforcing troops opposing the Commandos.
The photograph captures a precise straddle of the target area, confirming narrative reports that at least 80% of the ordnance fell within the briefed zone. The visible smoke plumes indicate successful hits on the fortified buildings and coastal defenses. This raid was repeated with similar success the following day, ensuring the logistical and tactical isolation of Axis forces in the sector and facilitating the Eighth Army’s subsequent breakthrough of the Argenta Gap.
17
Phase 1: Verification & Extraction
Identity Check: 3rd April, 1945.