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Operation No. 176

MT ON COASTAL ROAD RAS AGEDIR - ZUARA

Over target: 2125 hrs Time: 22:00 hrs

Sortie Report (Form 541)

Duty
Bomb MT on road RAS AGEDIR - ZUARA. Height. Place
R.A.F. Form 441 A. SORTIE REPORT 58 (Part A.) NIGHT OPERATION.
No. One Oprep. Ref. No. 176 Date. 22 JAN 43 Squadron. 21 SAAF.Type of Aircraft. 12 Baltimores Mk. 3 Captain Maj. JandrellAircraft No. See attached list. Crew. Capt. HatswellAircraft Letter. " " " Lt. te Water PohlF/Sgt. MorleyUp. 2025 (1st. A/C ALG.)Down. 0110 (Last A/C. Base) Aerodrome or L.G. GZINATotal Time. 40 hrs. 23 mins. (A/C landed at DARRAGH NORTH TO(Base to ALG Total 16 hrs) refuel on outward flight)Type of Cloud. St.-Cu. Map or ChartAmount of Cloud. 6/10 - 8/10. Reference.Base of Cloud. 4000 ft. LIBYA 1 : 500,000Visibility. Good. Hazy over land when moon Sheet 21 PISIDAGeneral Weather. low. Clear over target. Sheet 2 TRIPOLI.Fine.Task or Duty. Bomb MT on road RAS AGEDIR - ZUARA.Height. Place. Narrative. GZINA Airborne. S/C 298 M. for DARRAGH N. DARRAGH Landed.
" Airborne. S/C 302 M. (1st A/C)
3500 4000 TARHUNA Started climbing.3000 4000 BIANCHI Started climbing.3500 5000 Coast Along coast to target.3500 5000 Target Lost height in left hand turn, engines throttledback. Glided along above road and dropped very longstick amongst MT. Incendiaries also well dispersed.Light flak as sixth bomb dropped, Right hand turn off.3500 3000 SOUTH S/C 120 M.ZUARA3500 1500 SIRTE A/C 136 M for GZINA.GZINA Not able to land because of two prangs on drome.Circled and eventually instructed land at CHEL.CHEL Landed. (Last A/C).PART B (on reverse) to be completed according to relevant pro-forma in H.Q. R.A.F. M.E. Instruction 34.PMEJ - 200.000 - 3/42 P.T.O. PART "B"
BA MT on coastal road RAS AGEDIR - ZUARA.BB 2125 - 2200 hrs.BC Medium level.2500 - 5500 ft.72 x 250 lb. G.P. 43 Det. (Rods).180 x 4 lb. incendiaries.BD Bombs and incendiaries covered the road fairly well fromK 0000 to ZUARA. One fire was started by an incendiary.Bombs fell on the road and started fires that could be seenfrom 2500 ft. Reflections of three fires which were startednear the bend in the road SOUTH of PISIDA, could be seenagainst the aircraft at 4000 ft. A fire giving off a brightglow was started immediately SOUTH of ZUARA. Two ofthese fires could be seen 20 and 40 miles away.BE Bofors from AZAZIA. Accurate.L.A.A. from various points along the road. Inaccurate.H.A.A. from ZUARA, and one gun from coast near PISIDA.Inaccurate.Blue searchlight from ZUARA. Inaccurate.BF NIL.BG NIL.BH Due to a number of tyres bursting on landing on return fromthe operation, eight A/C of this Squadron were diverted toland at CHEL L.G. Tyre bursts caused by excessive wear andtear due to rocky surface of this L.G.OXYGEN None available. (Handwritten Signature: [Illegible]) Capt. S.I.O. 21 SQUADRON, S.A.A.F.

Transcriber's Notes

21 SAAF
No. 21 Squadron of the South African Air Force.
Baltimores Mk. 3
The Martin Baltimore Mark III, a twin-engine light bomber optimized for tactical interdiction during the North African campaign.
A/C
Aircraft.
St.-Cu
Stratocumulus cloud formation.
MT
Mechanical Transport. Refers specifically to German and Italian supply and troop vehicle concentrations retreating toward the Tunisian border.
MT
Mechanical Transport. Refers specifically to German and Italian supply and troop vehicle concentrations targeted during the final Axis evacuation of Tripolitania.
RAS AGEDIR
A coastal town on the Libyan-Tunisian border, representing the final exit point for Axis forces retreating from Tripolitania.
BIANCHI
A colonial village located southwest of Tripoli, utilized as a navigational waypoint.
CHEL
Landing Ground Chel, an alternate airfield utilized when the primary base was obstructed.
K 0000
A specific grid coordinate on the 1:500,000 map sheet utilized for precision targeting.

R.A.F. Form 441 A.: Royal Air Force Sortie Report form, the standardized document used to record narrative and technical data for individual aircraft missions.

Oprep. Ref. No. 176: Operational Report Reference Number 176, the administrative serial for the mission conducted on the night of 22–23 January 1943.

ft.: Feet, the unit of measurement for altitude, such as the 4,000-foot cloud base.

prangs: A contemporary military slang term for aircraft crashes or accidents. Operational Context: This Sortie Report (Part A) documents the final maximum-effort nocturnal interdiction mission conducted by 12 Martin Baltimores of No. 21 Squadron SAAF as the British Eighth Army officially entered Tripoli on 23 January 1943. Strategically, the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF) were focused on the final "road purification" of the Tripoli-Tunisia coastal artery to prevent the Afrika Korps from establishing a stable defensive line at the Tunisian border. Tactically, the mission utilized a sophisticated "glide bombing" profile to minimize engine noise and maximize surprise. After reaching the coast, the formation leader, Major Jandrell, throttled back the engines and glided over the target sector between Ras Agedir and Zuara. This allowed for the delivery of "very long sticks" of General Purpose bombs and incendiaries directly onto the retreating Mechanical Transport (MT) columns. The associated Intelligence OPREP 176 confirms the extreme effectiveness of this strike, initiating seven fires, several of which caused secondary explosions visible for 40 miles. The recovery phase of the mission illustrates the hazardous nature of high-tempo desert operations; the formation was unable to land at Gzina due to "two prangs on drome" (aircraft accidents blocking the runway) and was diverted to Landing Ground Chel. This document, archived as Folio 58, serves as primary evidence of the SAAF's role in the strategic annihilation of Axis mobility during the definitive collapse of the Western Desert Campaign in Libya. 74

ft.: Feet, the unit of measurement for the release altitude ranging from 2,500 to 5,500 feet.

250 lb. G.P. 43 Det. (Rods): 250-pound General Purpose high-explosive bombs utilizing No. 43 tail pistols and nose extension rods. Colloquially known as "daisy cutters," these rods triggered detonation above the desert floor to maximize the lateral fragmentation blast against soft-skinned vehicles.

4 lb. incendiaries: Small magnesium or thermite-filled bombs used for target illumination and to ignite combustible materials like fuel and vehicles.